Background: The importance of clean air in industrial workplaces is well known. Cement dust, due to its silica content, is very dangerous. The aims of this study were to assess and control the release of cement dust from SILOs of concrete BATCHING units during charging and production processes in a dam project.Methods: In this study, dust particule mass released from the cement SILOs were investigated by performing environmental sampling and personal sampling from 15 operators of BATCHING machine. Samples were analyzed by gravimetric method. Control methods were used to control the released dust. Data collected before and after the intervention were analyzed through SPSS19 and using paired t-test and one sample t- test.Results: Mean concentrations of dust particles masses in personal and environmental samples were respectively 15.56 and 30.77mg/m3 and both were higher than the standard exposure limit values in Iran. After implementation of dust control methods, mean concentrations of dust in personal and environmental samples decreased respectively to 4.1 and 5.2 mg/m3 that show the efficiency of control methods.Conclusion: The control method applied in the present study is a novel and cost-effective method to control the released particles from BATCHING units of cement SILOs. It is possible to decrease the dust concentration in industrial workplaces to the standard levels, by performing simiar methods.

In this paper the problem of serial batch scheduling in a two-stage hybrid flow shop environment with minimizing Makesapn is studied. In serial BATCHING it is assumed that jobs in a batch are processed serially, and their completion time is defined to be equal to the finishing time of the last job in the batch. The analysis and implementation of the prohibited transference of jobs among the machines of stage one in serial batch is the main contribution of this study. Machine set-up and ready time for all jobs are assumed to be zero and no Preemption is allowed. Machines may not breakdown but at times they may be idle. As the problem is NP-hard, a genetic algorithm is developed to give near optimal solutions. Since this problem has not been studied previously, therefore, a lower bound is developed for evaluating the performance of the proposed GA. Many test problems have been solved using GA and results compared with lower bound. Results showed GA can obtain a near optimal solution for small, median and large size problems in reasonable time.

Vertical SILOs are large cylinders used for material storage in agriculture and mineral industries. One of the SILO problems is its obstruction due to dome and dense packing. Depend on the material properties and SILO dimensions several techniques are used to solve this problem. In the present work, possibility of obstruction solution of a laboratory SILO by ball impact is investigated. Test materials are magnetite and hematite concentrate and reproducible hematite, having specified wet. Ball impacts fracture the bulk and make it to flow. The profile of fractured regime is captured and the required number of impacts which provide the continuous flow are registered. Results show that different materials do not have the identical behavior during ball impacts. Moreover, it has been revealed that as the wet increases, the obstruction intensity increases and more impacts are required. Results will be used to optimum impactor be designed for obstruction solution of operating SILOs in Gol-e-Gohar iron ore complex.

To be sure, all the industries try to be involved in globalization with a constant trend to findout ways to increase productivity across different functions within an organization to maintain competitive advantage world. Pharmaceutical industries are not exceptional and further are based on fragmentation. So these kind of companies need to cope with several barriers such as SILO mentality that may affect efficiency of their business activity. Due to eliminate a part of resources such as raw materials, new molecule developed, financial and human resources and so on, companies can gradually loss their competitive potentials in the market and increase their expenses.Furthermore, to avoid any business disturbances in financially connected companies due toSILO effect, they should arrange their management to integrated organization form. Otherwise, actions taken by one business member of the chain can influence the profitability of all the other members in the chain. That is why recently supply chain has generated much interest in many business units.In this paper, it has been tried to investigate the different aspects of SILO effect which can affect integrate supply chain.Finally, a fluent communication, high level of information exchange, fragmentationmanagement, cross-functional control in a supply chain management format are needed to reduce or control SILO effect within entire chain of the holding company by Supply chain management.

A number of considerations should be taken into account in design stage to avoid the foregoing malfunctions of vertical SILOs containing ore concentrate. One of the SILO problems is obstruction at the outlet which blocks the material flow. There are procedures, depending on the material properties and SILO dimensions, to solve this problem. A common way is impacting the SILO wall by manual hammering or pneumatic impacting. In the present work, the hopper of a laboratory SILO containing the magnetite concentrate, for obstruction solution is impacted by single ball. Impacts lead to the bulk fracture and material discharge. Capturing the new arc profile after discharge and registering the required number of impacts which provide the continuous material flow helps us to determine the optimum impacts. Results show that the wall displacement due to the impact is a governing factor in obstruction solution and the best impact position is near the outlet. It is also concluded that at a constant kinetic energy the impacts by higher mass balls are more effective than the impacts by higher velocity balls.

A quality decrease of sugar beet roots under silage condition may vary for susceptible and resistant to rhizomania cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of resistant to rhizomania sugar beet pollinators under silage condition in Karaj (non rhizomania infected area) in 2014 and in Zarghan(infected to rhizomania site), Fars, Iran in 2015-16. The experiment was conducted in split plot in time based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Studied factors included 11 sugar beet line comprised of nine genotypes, on susceptible and one resistant cultivars and silage duration including three levels of 20, 40 and 60 days. Different traits such as root dry matter, sucrose, sodium, potassium, alpha amino nitrogen, brix, and extraction coefficient of sugar were measured before and after silage. Roots were scored in terms of rot occurrence after silage. Results showed that rot severity of the roots in Zarghan was higher than Karaj. In Zarghan, the root rot of the sugar beet genotypes 31924, 31927, 31929, 32003, 32814 were lower than other genotypes after 60 days silage. During the three-years experiment, the silage potential of the sugar beet genotype 32003 with 71. 86% extraction coefficient of sugar was more than other genotypes which can be used as a genotype with better silage condition in sugar beet breeding programs.

Companies are looking for e ective strategies to improve warehouse performance quality due to customers dissatisfaction of service. The order picking process is one of the main warehouse management strategies. As the inventory of stored items and the number of orders increased, the picking process and response time became more important. E ective coordination between order BATCHING and order picking process is essential to improve the e ciency of the warehouse management system. In this paper, a novel MixedInteger Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model for on-line order BATCHING is proposed for improving the warehouse performance, which in turn results in the reduction of the response and idle times. The proposed method takes aim at the investigation of order classi cation for the  rst time in the picker-to-part system as a manual picking system and an online order BATCHING system, with the intent of minimizing the turnover time and idle time. Besides, an order BATCHING model in a blocked warehouse using a zoning system is proposed which is called Online Order BATCHING in Blocked Warehouse with One Picker for each Block (OOBBWOPB). The mentioned model is solved by two algorithms: Arti cial BeeColony (ABC) algorithm and Ant-Colony (ACO) algorithm. Two numerical case studies are de ned and analyzed using MATLAB software. According to the results compared with the results of Zhang et al. (2017) the proposed model shows better performance and the average customer order response time is signi cantly reduced (2017) and the ACO yields better results than ABC.

Blockage is a common problem in many practical SILO applications, and vibration seems to be a practical solution to overcome this problem. An experimental setup was developed to observe the effects of different vibrational parameters on vibrator anti-jamming efficiency. The SILO was made of transparent plates to provide the possibility of watching the materials inside it. The outlet mass was recorded on a computer via a weighing load cell. The vibrator was installed at different locations on the SILO walls to reveal effects of the vibrator position on its efficiency to prevent jamming. Moreover, relevant tests were conducted to reveal the effects of the vibration frequency. A vibrometer instrument with contacting probe was employed to measure the local vibration characteristics. The measured data was used to identify the vibration dimensionless acceleration. It was concluded that the location of the vibrator significantly affects its anti-jamming ability. Furthermore, it was observed that the vibration frequency and acceleration influence the impact of the vibration to prevent the SILO jamming to some extent. It was observed that while the vibration does not influence the instant discharge rate it does considerably affects the average rate.

On of the most important of sugar beets quality is amount of sodium and potassium, because this compounds are strongly molassogenic and reduction of yield. So, attention on reasons that change this compound in sugar beets and consequently in produced juice are very important. In this study, effect of size of sugar beet (obtained from different areas) on changes of sodium and potassium are investigated. Sugar beets that obtained from 3 areas, are sorted (big size, medium size, small size and mixed size) and stored during 18 days industrial SILO in Shirvan sugar factory. The results shown that amount of sodium and potassium related to cultivation areas and during storage amount of this compound change with size of sugar beets inversely. Namely, increasing of this compound in small size of sugar beets were more than others.

Introduction: During filling a SILO, granular material containing a range of particle sizes, the fine material accumulates under the filling point. The inclined surface of stationary bed particle which is formed in SILOs during filling process acts similar to a sieve through which the smaller particle fall. This effect is called sifting. As a result of the mentioned effect, much finer particles form a vertical cylindrical zone of high concentration at the SILO center. For optimal design in industrial process such as aeration of stored products in SILOs, filling SILOs, and wherever granular materials are handled, it is necessary to survey the distribution of the fine materials depending on product and process properties. The objectives of present study were: (a) To study fine change as affected by substantial parameters, (b) To model fine changes at different conditions in SILOs. Materials and Methods: In the present study, an experimental setup consist of a main container, elevator, trapezoidal container and experimental SILO was designed and built. Fine content was defined by BCFM (broken corn and foreign material). By applying a new approach, sampling was performed in a radial and vertical direction. The position of each sampling point was determined with a scaled distance from center (R) and from bottom (Z). Local BCFM (BCL) was defined as the value of BCFM in each sampling point. Influential parameters namely, initial BCFM (BCI), volume flow rate (Q) and fill pipe diameter (DF) were considered as treatments. Non-linear regression technique was applied on the experimental data to predict the distribution pattern of fines into the pilot-scale SILO. The most appropriate model in a try and error procedure was selected based on highest value of R2 and least value of χ 2, RMSE and MRDM. Results and Discussions: According to the results of ANOVA, it was found that the effects of all parameters were significant at 5% probability. BCL decreased nonlinearly with a concave down decreasing trend along radial direction due to sifting effect. As a result, most amount of fines remained in the sections closer to the center of the SILO. Fine distribution became more uniform with decreasing Z and increasing BCI and DF. Also, the distribution of fine became more uniform with increasing Q. BCL was a nonlinear function of R and a linear function of Z, BCI, Q and DF. Although including more and complex terms increased the model complexity but in the present study considering BCL as an exponential function of R and as an implicit function of Z and R (ZR) improved the quality of the model significantly. The values of 0. 94, 1. 14, 1. 06, 11. 39 for R2, χ 2, RMSE and MRDM, respectively, gave the best model. The results showed, considerable accumulation of fines occurred at the center of the SILO which increased with increase of level of Z. Also, low concentration of fine occurred at the periphery of the SILO especially at higher levels of Z. It means that maximum non-uniformity of fine distribution occurred at higher levels of Z. Conclusions: The present study investigated distribution of fines during filling affected by main parameters namely, initial BCFM, volume flow rate and fill pipe diameter in a pilot scale SILO. A new procedure was developed for measuring the fine material along radial and vertical directions. Distribution of fine was modeled using a developed equation considering the effects of main parameters. The results showed that distribution of fine becomes more uniform with decreasing height and increasing initial BCFM, volume flow rate and fill pipe diameter.